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Lipids and Nucleic Acids (6:55)

Added Sep 23, 2019 •

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Discussion on two organic molecules, lipids and nucleic acids.

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in this video we're going to talk about two smaller groups of organic molecules we're not going to cover these ones in quite as much detail as some of the other so that's why they're going to be covered together so to start with we're looking at a group called lipids lipids are commonly known as that's so I were talking about this stuff you can have in mind foods and items that contain fats in them the function of lipids is to store energy in a long-term manner to form biological membranes and waterproof coverings is that that's what are cell membranes are made of to produce hormones which are chemical Messengers are regulators and for insulation for organisms because obviously has that builds up that has warmth to an organism it allows them to stay warm and cold air conditions lipids are made up of the elements carbon hydrogen an oxygen just like the carbohydrates were those were both Cho soap for the monomers of lipids the smaller building blocks from the Ramada Murph is a smaller subunits of a molecule we have something called glycerol what you can see in this picture up here looks like a hydrocarbon with these hydroxyl groups on it and fatty acids these are longer chains that we're going to see more details in a moment the polymers of lipids include triglycerides and I have heard of when people are talking about things like food the more common names for different types of lipids that you're probably going to be more familiar with our fats oils waxes and steroids including cholesterol is there different berries think about that that we have there are what we call saturated lipids the word saturated has a special meaning if you are standing outside when it's pouring rain and you don't have an umbrella you're going to be completely soaked and water your clothes saturated or filled with as much water as physically possible saturated lipids have as many hydrogen's as physically possible on them because they all have single bonds you remember what are hydrocarbons we had the most hydrogen atoms include in the molecule when only single Bonds were used the saturated lipids have all single bonds and they have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible unsaturated lipids me and that somewhere along the line they must have a double bond which two play the opportunity for a few of the hydrogen atoms to bond there so they are not as filled filled with as many hydrogen atoms as possible polyunsaturated lipids means that there are multiple double Bonds in the molecule there's multiple places where they could hydrogen's but they don't because of a larger Bond when you've heard of saturated and unsaturated fats and we'll talk about these in more detail than a different unit unsaturated fats are the healthier what is a heart-healthy fats either typically plant things like avocado olive oil or peanut butter and a saturated fats are typically not always there's a certain extent everything to be considered saturated fats are less healthy desserts like me and dairy products on what's not listed here are trans fats in those are in terms of good to bad those would be the worst those are pretty uncommon and nature they're typically created through processing that you do and that changes their caloric value and what they do inside of our bodies but in terms of saturated vs. unsaturated unsaturated are the healthy fats those are the ones that help us with some vitamin storage and activity so here is an image of two fatty acid chains you'll see this carboxyl group on the end from the functional group unit we just did if this top one is saturated it's because there are all single bonds between all those carbons so every opportunity there to be for there to be a hydrogen here is filled in the one below we have a double bond between two of the carbons and that takes away an opportunity for the hydrogen to exist because we know that carbon can only Bond a total of four times this is just looking at some more examples of this here you have a saturated fatty acid down here when that double bond exists not as unsaturated or in this case we call it monounsaturated and once you have more than one of refer to as poly unsaturated the prefix poly meaning many so this is what it would look like if you have a triglyceride that has the glycerol over here kind of is the backbone holding these three chains together those are your Three fatty acid chains so if you're looking at these take a moment to see if you can identify which ones are saturated and which ones are unsaturated so the top first and second ones are both saturated because they have all single and third chain is unsaturated because of this double bond here are some examples of where you find lipids in Foods include oils Meats Dairy avocado peanut butter all sorts of things really and look at it don't necessarily have to mean that they are bad for you because we do actually rely on sats for important purposes like energy storage and are biological membranes the third group look at are called nucleic acids and will cover these in much greater detail when we get to DNA replication and protein synthesis but the function of nucleic acids is either genetic code if you're talkin about DNA building proteins if you're talking about RNA I'm getting us energy if you're talkin about ATP those are all three types of nucleic acids nucleic acids are made up of the elements carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen and phosphorus so you can remember this as champ almost like champ but with an n inside of an atom so so far we've covered show for carbohydrates show for lipids Chomp for nucleic acids the monomers of nucleic acids are called nucleotides don't get those confused I got. A larger molecules their subunits are nucleotides and the nucleotides themselves can be broken down into three pieces of sugar a phosphate and a nitrogen base and that's going to become really important when we're looking at our genetic code sofa seeing this picture here is the nitrogen base to a t c or g of sugar is in a ring because if you remember from when we looked at carbohydrates sugars are typically represented in rings and then the phosphate is this little circle at the end so the polymers of nucleic acids include deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA ribonucleic acid or RNA and then a new molecule we haven't talked about yet called adenosine triphosphate which is more commonly known as ATP so make sure you're a beauty slide that you understand the functions of lipids and nucleic acids as well as the monomers and Polymers of both of those groups

Uploaded by Laura Lovelace.

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Lipids and Nucleic Acids (6:55)

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